{"id":1007,"date":"2015-04-15T17:44:07","date_gmt":"2015-04-15T16:44:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/osianrhysjones.com\/?p=1007"},"modified":"2020-05-17T17:41:29","modified_gmt":"2020-05-17T16:41:29","slug":"trafod-cynghanedd-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/osian.cymru\/en\/trafod-cynghanedd-1\/","title":{"rendered":"Trafod Cynghanedd #1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wrth ddysgu dosbarthiadau cynganeddu i ddisgyblion sydd \u00e2 chrap go lew ar y rheolau, mae cryn dipyn o drafodaeth mewn dosbarthiadau ar y mannau llwyd hynny mewn cynghanedd, lle gall rhywbeth fod yn gywir ac yn anghywir yr un pryd; lle mae chwaeth, crebwyll a barn bersonol y cynganeddwr yn ganllaw cystal ag unrhyw lyfr rheolau.<\/p>\n

Fe wnes addo i rywun rywdro y byddwn yn s\u00f4n am rai o’r mannau hyn ar-lein. Felly dyma fynd ati i fodloni’r g\u00eecs cynganeddol.<\/p>\n

Yr hyn a sbardunodd yr erthygl hon oedd gweld llinell gan y Prifardd Llion Jones ar wefan Annedd y Cynganeddwyr. Llinell o englyn (da iawn i’r cricedwr a’r darlledwr hoffus Richie Benaud) ydi hi. Hoffwn ddweud cyn mynd ymhellach nad ydw i’n tynnu ar Llion yma, a dwi’n siwr na fydd yn meindio fy mod yn defnyddio llinell o’i waith o fel man cychwyn. Mae’r hyn sydd gen i dan sylw yn arfer sydd i’w glywed yn amlach, yn fy marn i, mewn talyrnau a stompiau gan feirdd hen ac ifanc fel ei gilydd.<\/p>\n

Cynghanedd sain anghytbwys ddyrchafedig oedd y llinell o dan sylw:<\/p>\n

 dy seibiau a’th eiriau hud<\/p>\n

AU | th: AU | h:<\/p>\n

Dwi wedi nodi dehongliad o’r gynghanedd o dan y llinell yn y modd y mae fy nghlust yn reddfol yn clywed y gynghanedd. Ac mae nifer o gwestiynau cynganeddol yn tynnu sylw fy nghlust i yn fan hyn. Beth am y gyfatebiaeth rhwng yr e<\/em> a’r h<\/em> yn ail a thrydydd ran y gynghanedd? Beth am yr -th<\/em> o flaen yr eiriau<\/em>? beth am yr h<\/em> yn hud?<\/p>\n

Mewn cynghanedd mae gofynion ateb yr h<\/em>, fel y gofyn am y Gymraeg mewn nifer o swyddi cyhoeddus pwysig, yn ddymunol iawn ond nid yn angenrheidiol (cyn belled \u00e2’ch bod yn fodlon dysgu). Os felly, ymdrech sydd gan y bardd yma, am wn i, ar greu cynghanedd sain lafarog, <\/em>gyda’r geiriau <\/em> “eiriau” a “hud” yn cwblhau dau ran olaf y gynghanedd.<\/p>\n

Ond fe sylwch uchod fy mod i’n clywed th<\/em> mawr o flaen “eiriau” yn y llinell.<\/p>\n

Beth petawn am ail-lunio’r llinell, nes bod modd benthyg y llythyren th o flaen “eiriau” a “hud”, fel ei gilydd, i greu cynghanedd gywir gyda’r cytseiniaid hynny?<\/p>\n

“Parhau \u00e2’th eiriau wnaeth Huw”<\/p>\n

AU | th: AU | th (h):<\/p>\n

 Yn y llinell uchod, derbyniwn nad ydym yn ateb yr h<\/em>. Fe fyddem i gyd, yn derbyn bod y ddau sain th<\/em> yn gryf, a’i bod yn gywir, dwi’n si\u0175r?<\/p>\n

Mae’n hollbwysig i gynganeddwr, wrth arfer y grefft i ddod i adnabod a defnyddio goddefiadau a hyblygrwydd y gynghanedd ei hun (er enghraifft benthyg yr th<\/em> uchod i greu cyfatebiaeth gytseiniol gynganeddol). Ond os ydyn ni mewn rhai achosion yn dweud bod modd benthyg yr th<\/em> am ei bod yn naturiol i’r glust wneud hynny, i ba raddau y gallwn ni ei hanwybyddu’n llwyr pan fo hynny’n gyfleus? Onid clywed y gynghanedd fel hyn ydyn ni mewn gwirionedd:<\/p>\n

 dy seibiau | a’th eiriau |  hud<\/p>\n

AU | th: AU | h:<\/p>\n

ac mai rhoi ein pennau, a’n clustiau, yn y tywod ydyn ni fel arall?<\/p>\n

Gan nad oes angen ateb y gytsain olaf ym mhrifodl cynghanedd sain anghytbwys ddyrchafedig, mae’n gynghanedd hyblyg iawn; y mwyaf poblogaidd o blith y cynganeddion sain. Ond a ydyw’n mynd yn rhy bell i ddefnyddio’r hyblygrwydd hwnnw i’r eithaf nes creu cynghanedd sain heb unrhyw gyfatebiaeth gytseiniol i’w chynnal? Ydi hi felly yn gynghanedd lafarog ddilys? Ydi hi, wir, yn gynghanedd o gwbwl?<\/p>\n

Petaem yn ail-lunio’r llinell yn gynghanedd sain gytbwys ddiacen e.e.<\/p>\n

dy seibiau a’th eiriau heriol<\/p>\n

AU | th : r AU | h : r<\/p>\n

fe dybiwn i fod hynny’n gwbwl dderbyniol ar sail mai y ddwy r<\/em> ar yr acen :r \/ :r sy’n cwblhau’r gynghanedd, ac nad oes angen malio am yr th<\/em> a’r h<\/em> (llafarog) sydd o flaen y naill acen a’r llall.<\/p>\n

Ond rhwng “eiriau” a hud”, y tu hwnt i gyd-destun y llinell a’r mesur, does dim cyfatebiaeth gytseiniol, gynganeddol. Rhaid pennu felly mai ymdrech ar gynghanedd lafarog yw hon. Ond a fyddai’n pasio’r prawf hwnnw?<\/p>\n

Dyma ni felly yn dod n\u00f4l at yr ‘h’ bondigrybwyll. Mae gennym gynganeddion cytbwys acennog llafarog cwbl gywir yn y traddodiad barddol (gyda diolch i Clywed Cynghanedd, dyma ambell enghraifft),<\/p>\n

o :WEnt | y teithiodd i :I\u00c2l
\n: (nt)|  (t  th  dd)  : (l)<\/p>\n

o’i :AUr, | rhoes lawer i’w :W\u0176r<\/p>\n

 : (r) |(rh  s l   r)    :  (r)<\/p>\n

Does gan neb, gan gynnwys y finnau, broblem gyda’r rhain. A dderbyniwn ni, felly, fod modd creu cynghanedd lafarog gyda h<\/em> yn un o’r ‘llafariaid’? Er enghraifft,<\/p>\n

I Went i garu aeth Huw<\/p>\n

: (nt) | (g r) h:<\/p>\n

Awn i ymuno’n yr hwyl<\/p>\n

: (n) | (m n n r) h : (l)<\/p>\n

Neu a ydi’r rhain yn ymylu ar fod yn gynganeddion mewn rhythm yn unig, gan hepgor unrhyw gyfatebiaeth gytesiniol\/gynganeddol fel y disgwylid hi?<\/p>\n

Doed gen i ddim problem gyda defnyddio h<\/em> yn y dull llafarog fel y cyfryw, byddwn i’n ff\u00f4l iawn yn pledio achos yn erbyn hynny, ac yn gwneud y gwaith o gynganeddu yn anoddach i mi fy hun! Yn fwy na hynny, mae’r arfer  wedi cael ei dderbyn ers blynyddoedd maith, ac nid ydyw’n amharu ar y gynghanedd fel arfer.<\/p>\n

Ond a fyddwch chi’n meddwl weithiau, fel finnau, fod modd gwthio ffiniau’r h<\/em> llafarog braidd yn rhy bell, gan lacio’r cyffion yn ormodol nes nad ydyn nhw yn gwneud s\u0175n?<\/p>\n

A allwn greu cynghanedd sy’n canu wrth briodi cynghanedd lafarog a chynghanedd sain anghytbwys ddyrchafedig? Taflwch y cromos\u00f4n h<\/em> i’r pair, a bydd gennym fabi newydd – y gynghanedd sain anghytbwys ddyrchafedig (led)lafarog!<\/p>\n

Cywir neu beidio, mae ateb yno yn rhywle yn cuddio mewn chwaeth, crebwyll neu ddeddf. Be ddwedwch chi?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trafod manion y gynhanedd sy’n llechu yn y mannau llwyd rhwng bod yn gywir ac anghywir. Rhan 1 yn y gyfres.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1021,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[],"tags":[214],"persona":[],"class_list":["post-1007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","tag-cynghanedd","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nTrafod Cynghanedd #1<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Osian Rhys Jones yn trafod manion y gynhanedd sy'n llechu yn y mannau llwyd rhwng bod yn gywir ac anghywir. 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